Guru Kalpakam Swaminathan will be remembered for her impeccable and vast patantharam

Tribute to revered guru and veena exponent Kalpakam Swaminathan, whose birth centenary will be celebrated on August 15

It was a sunny Sunday in July 1982, in Chennai, when my parents took me to meet my guru, vidushi Kalpakam Swaminathan, at her Raja Annamalaipuram residence.

We were asked to wait in the living room, where two beautiful veenas were placed on a paai (traditional mat). Kalpakam teacher came in, greeted us, looked at my mother (assuming she was the student) and asked her to play a bit of ragam, tanam, and a kriti. My mother, pointing at me said, “We are here for Nirmala. She will be blessed if you can accept her as your disciple”. Teacher gently smiled and looked at me: I played ragam, tanam and the kriti ‘Marivere dikkevaraiyya rama’, taught by my Bangalore-based gurus vidushis G. Chennamma and E.P. Alamelu. She next asked me to join on an auspicious day. Thus began my 29-year long journey with the veena doyenne, who was and continues to be my guiding spirit.

Kalpakam teacher was born on August 15, 1922 in Tiruvarur district, the birthplace of many great Carnatic composers and artistes. She lost her father when she was very young and was raised by her mother, grandmother and extended family. Her first guru was her mother, Abhayambal. Her maternal uncle brought the family to Chennai, where she continued her training with some of the best teachers and performers of the time. She trained with Kallidaikurichi Ananthakrishna Iyer, who belongs to the direct sishya parampara of Muthuswami Diskshitar. She always credited her mpther for her passion towards Dikshitar’s Abhayamba vibhakti kritis. She further learnt from renowned vidwans such as Musiri Subramania Iyer, Tiger Varadachari and Mysore Vasudevachar, when she worked at Kalakshetra in the 1940s and 1950s.

Recalling how she joined Kalakshetra, Kalpakam teacher shared how she almost didn't attend the interview because she was apprehensive of teaching. It was veena maestro S. Balachander’s father, Sri Sundaram Iyer, who persisted and advised her to attend the interview., Tiger Varadachari and Rukmini Devi Arundale were so impressed with her playing that they asked her to join immediately. She groomed many students while at Kalakshetra.

She would often talk about her stay in Baroda, a city she moved to following her husband Sri Swaminathan’s transfer. She was fascinated by the music that she heard there, which inspired her to learn some of the Hindustani compositions. Among the treasures is the Tulsidas bhajan, ‘Nainan me siyaram’ that she taught me.

Kalpakam teacher served as Professor of veena at the Tamil Nadu Music College from 1964 till she retired in 1980. After retirement, she served as the director at Kala Peetham School of Music, Chennai, for some years along with Dr. S. Ramanathan, B. Sitarama Sarma, Calcutta K.S. Krishnamurthy, and Ramanthapuram Kandaswamy. She created a large community of disciples, who are today well-known musicians, performers, and teachers, such as Guru Kamala Aswathama (mother of the veena vidhushi E. Gayathri), and the late Sivasakthi Sivanesan (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, London). Her daughter-in-law, vidhushi Mangalam Shankar, is a vocalist and a much sought-after guru.

All of 4 feet and 10 inches, yet Kalpakam teacher stood tall in the world of Carnatic music. She is remembered for her impeccable and vast patantharam (a repertoire that includes many rare compositions), adherence to the vocal tradition of veena playing of the Thanjavur bani, her graceful and precise gamakas, and her simple and approachable demeanour. Her presentation of ragam, tanam and niraval on the veena were extraordinary. Audiences would attend her concerts especially to listen to her creative exploration of these elements .