Why the future of COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario could look very different
CBC
All Ontario adults now have the option of rolling up their sleeves for a fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine, but exactly what vaccination programs will look like in the province in the coming months and years remains murky.
When it comes to the frequency, the exact type of vaccine and even delivery method, experts say several options are on the table as scientists attempt to keep up with the virus and its variants.
Raywat Deonandan, an epidemiologist and associate professor at the University of Ottawa, told CBC News that given currently available vaccines, Ontario may be looking at one to two boosters a year for people who want them.
"Is that so bad? If that's the price for an open economy, rolling up your arm once or twice a year?" Deonandan said. "It doesn't strike me as a bad deal."
Provincial Medical Officer of Health Dr. Kieran Moore announced this week that as of Thursday, Ontarians between 18 and 59 years old who had a first booster shot at least five months ago will be able to book an appointment to get a second.
The province's top doctor also said healthy people under the age of 60 who have had three doses already may want to wait until the fall for a second booster, when it is anticipated that an Omicron-specific vaccine will be available.
"This [fourth] dose is really for those who are vulnerable," Moore told reporters.
Several vaccine manufacturers are in the midst of working to develop shots that are tailored to the more infectious Omicron variant. They're hoping what is known as a "bivalent" shot can help blunt a potential surge in cases that could overwhelm the health-care system as flu season sets in.
Current COVID-19 vaccines are known as "monovalent," as they were developed with the original strain of the virus in mind. Bivalent vaccines, meanwhile, would target specific portions of the virus seen in both the original strain and newer strains.
Deonandan called the potential rollout of effective bivalent vaccines in the fall a "tantalizing possibility," but he said it remains to be seen if the province will be able to get them quickly enough or at the volume required — or even if they will still be the best option, should yet another a new variant rear its head.
For those reasons and more, he advised that people should get a booster shot now to protect themselves.
Deonandan said other vaccination options currently being studied include a nasal spray vaccine — which could end up targeting Omicron and its subvariants more directly in the body — and a "pan-coronavirus vaccine" that would theoretically be effective against all future variants, which is considered the "holy grail" of this arm of research.
"These next generation vaccines may heavily reduce the probability of having frequent boosts," he said.
WATCH | Moore elaborates on who should get a second booster now:
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