Trump falsely claims noncitizen voter fraud is widespread. Here are 5 facts.

During the 2024 presidential race, former President Donald Trump and his allies, including X owner Elon Musk, have promoted an unfounded conspiracy theory that undocumented migrants are being allowed into the U.S. to vote.

Trump's false claims of widespread voter fraud by undocumented immigrants are not new. In 2020, after losing his reelection bid, he alleged that tens of thousands of noncitizens voted in the battleground state of Arizona, which election officials there disputed. Trump made similar claims about illegal voting as far back as 2014.

Voter fraud by noncitizens — including both lawful immigrant residents and those here illegally — is very rare, experts have found, and studies have found no evidence of widespread noncitizen voting in previous elections. Ahead of the 2024 general election, here are key facts to know.