Lightning-caused wildfires burn the most area in Canada, and could be more common as the climate warms

Early last June, a powerful storm descended on southern Quebec, leading to lightning strikes in quick succession across the vast forest north of Montreal.

Given the hot, dry conditions at the time, the strikes quickly turned into scores of wildfires that overwhelmed fire crews and quickly spread through the region.

The early June fires, clearly visible from space, contributed to conspiracy theories that the fires had been deliberately set all at once.

In fact, a series of lightning-caused fires one after another is common in the boreal forest — and part of the natural forest cycle.

But experts are concerned lightning-caused fires could become more common and lead to larger wildfires as the climate warms.

"In many regions, lightning is becoming the No. 1 source of new fire starts," said Mike Flannigan, a wildfire scientist at Thomson Rivers University in Kamloops, B.C.

"Research suggests as we get warmer we expect more lightning, and the other side of this is research also suggests that our fuels will be getting drier as we continue to warm."

Roughly half of Canada's wildfires are caused by lightning. The other half are attributed to humans, which can mean everything from a campfire that wasn't put out to power lines brought down by high winds. (Arson generally accounts for between one and four per cent of human-caused fires annually, Flannigan said.)

Human-caused fires are on the decline in Canada, data shows.

"We attribute that to fire prevention, and fire managers getting the message out there and also when they put in place burn bans," said Chelene Hanes, a wildfire research scientist with Natural Resources Canada based in Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.

Lightning-caused fires result in a far larger area burned — typically around 90 per cent of the total in a given season.

These fires tend to be more intense and occur in more remote areas during periods of extreme dryness favourable to large wildfires.

During last year's record-breaking season, 59 per cent of Canada's wildfires were the result of lightning strikes, leading to more than 93 per cent of the area burned, according to federal data.

"Our biggest fires are typically lightning-caused fires and we have seen an increase in that," said Hanes.