From Nunavut to B.C.'s North Coast, Indigenous knowledge leads the way in marine protection

This story is part of Coastlines, an original series with the CBC Creator Network exploring Canada's oceans. You can watch every episode of the series here.

Canada's marine environments are increasingly threatened by pressures such as plastic pollution, biodiversity loss and climate change.

But across the country, Indigenous stewards, scientists and environmental advocates are trying to help protect the health of the oceans.

"To me conservation is just a way of life," said Jordan Wilson, a member of the Heiltsuk Nation, which is on the coast, about 660 kilometres north of Vancouver. 

"The Heiltsuk's people's beliefs of what conservation is, is not that we manage the land and the ocean. We believe in coexisting and taking stewardship of it. We take care of the environment and in turn it takes care of us." 

Wilson is a member of the Coastal Guardian Watchmen, a regional group of made up of stewards who monitor their territory to ensure resources are managed sustainably. Similar programs have been established in dozens of communities across the country, with funding support from the federal government.

Wilson says the programs recognize that Indigenous knowledge and stewardship practices have been proven to be some of the most effective ways of protecting biodiversity.

"The Heiltsuk practise is taking only what we need, leaving behind enough to ensure the preservation of what we are harvesting, making sure it will always come back to flourish," he said.

"I want to make sure that another 700 generations can continue to enjoy the beauty of the nature in our territory the way I do."

WATCH | Protecting the ocean

In the Arctic, Inuit communities hold similar views of symbiotic relationships with and stewardship of the ocean. Justin Milton is a young Inuk who shares Wilson's conservation sentiments. 

"Inuit and the Arctic Ocean are deeply intertwined, and that to me is much more than just the traditional sense of having marine conservation in the ocean," says Milton, an Inuk from Mittimatalik (Pond Inlet), about 1,065 km northwest of the capital Iqaliut, Nunavut.

Milton is the manger of Ikaarvik, an Inuit-led organization that connects researchers and scientists with Indigenous knowledge about the Arctic and its natural environments.

It's one of a series of initiatives in which Inuit have led the way in environmental protection and stewardship.