Amnesty International accuses Iran, Turkey of illegal Afghan migrant pushbacks

Many migrants are poor and lack passports or other valid travel documents, making them especially vulnerable to border police who use threats or outright violence to keep them out

Iran and Turkey are preventing entry of Afghan refugees or forcibly returning them to face life-threatening risks under the Taliban regime, in violation of international law, Amnesty International said in a report Wednesday.

Hundreds of thousands fled Afghanistan in August 2021 after the U.S. left the country in a chaotic military pullout, allowing the hardline Taliban Islamists to retake control.

But while many who assisted U.S. forces were airlifted out, the vast majority have had to flee by land, in particular towards Iran and eventually Turkey.

Many are poor and lack passports or other valid travel documents, making them especially vulnerable to border police who use threats or outright violence to keep them out or push them back, Amnesty said.

"Iranian and Turkish security forces have unlawfully used firearms against Afghans trying to cross the border irregularly as a deterrent and a pushback method, sometimes resulting in deaths or injuries," the report said.

Amnesty said it based its findings on interviews with dozens of Afghans, including 74 who were forcibly returned, sometimes with children or other family members.

The NGO cited numerous cases of "unlawful killings, pushbacks by shooting and other unlawful returns, arbitrary detention, and torture and other ill-treatment of Afghans at the hands of both Iranian and Turkish officials."