
每秒旋转数圈,花滑运动员们为什么转不晕?
China Daily
旋转、跳跃,无论动作多复杂,花滑运动员们总能在完成高难度旋转后,保持优美滑行。花滑运动员们为什么转不晕?
在2月8日结束的北京冬奥会花样滑冰男子单人短节目的比赛中,美国选手陈巍以113.97分排名第一,日本选手键山优真和宇野昌磨分别排在第二和第三位。
中国选手金博洋第五个出场,他以90.98分的成绩排名第11位,同样成功晋级;备受关注的日本选手、卫冕冠军羽生结弦拿到95.15分,以第八名的成绩进入自由滑比赛。根据赛程安排,男单自由滑的比赛将于2月10日9时30分进行,届时将诞生本届冬奥会花样滑冰个人项目首金。
【花滑小课堂】
2022年北京冬奥会花样滑冰赛事包括5个竞赛项目:男子单人滑(Men's Singles),女子单人滑(Women's Singles),双人滑(Pairs),冰舞(Ice Dance),团体赛(Team Event)。
Each event typically consists of a short and long routine that helps determine a competitor's score. The short routine (also known as the short program) acts as a qualifier - only the top-scoring skaters from this portion of the competition advance to the long program (also known as the free skate or free program). Skaters then receive a combined score from the short and free programs to find the overall winner.每个项目通常由短节目和自由滑组成,根据两个节目的总分排名。短节目可以看成是预赛——只有短节目排名靠前的选手才有资格晋级自由滑的比拼。最终通过短节目和自由滑的总分决定名次。
Within each routine, a skater receives two sets of scores: the technical element score (TES) and the program component score (PCS). The PCS is based primarily on presentation, while the TES evaluates the difficulty and completion of the routine (things like spins and jumps).每场比赛中,运动员都将得到两组分数:技术分(TES)和艺术分(PCS)。艺术分主要基于选手的表演;而技术分是评估难度和节目完成度(如旋转和跳跃)。
花样滑冰是冬奥会上最具艺术观赏性的冰上项目之一。运动员们在冰面上翩翩起舞,一个个高难度的旋转、跳跃动作惊艳观众。
直立旋转、燕式旋转、躬身旋转……赛场上的花滑运动员,不断重复着旋转、跳跃动作。无论动作多复杂,总能在完成高难度旋转后,保持优美滑行。花滑运动员们为什么转不晕?
How do figure skaters who spin at incredible speeds, avoid losing their balance?高速旋转的花样滑冰运动员是如何避免失去平衡?
The short answer is training, but to really grasp why figure skaters can twirl without getting dizzy requires an understanding of the vestibular system, the apparatus in our inner ear that helps to keep us upright. This system contains special sensory nerve cells that can detect the speed and direction at which our head moves. These sensors are tightly coupled with our eye movements and with our perception of our body's position and motion through space. For instance, if we rotate our head to the right while our eyes remain focused on an object straight ahead, our eyes naturally move to the left at the same speed. This involuntary response allows us to stay focused on a stationary object.简单来说,靠训练。但要真正弄懂花样滑冰运动员为什么不会转晕,我们需要先了解前庭系统,即内耳中帮助人体保持直立的器官。前庭系统包含特殊的感觉神经细胞,可以检测头部运动的速度和方向。这些神经传感器与眼球运动,以及人们对自身在空间中的位置和运动的感知紧密相连。例如,如果我们把头向右转,而眼睛依然聚焦在前方的物体上,眼睛自然会以相同的速度向左移动。这种下意识的反应使我们能够盯住静止的物体。